Sponsors (24)
Official title: Impose sanctions with respect to the shadow fleet of the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.
Introduced September 18, 2025 by James Risch · Last progress September 18, 2025
The bill strengthens U.S. sanctions enforcement and support for Ukraine through new authorities, reporting, and funding while imposing compliance costs, raising risks of trade disruption and executive power expansion that may reduce oversight and create uncertainty for businesses and partners.
U.S. persons and government sanctions programs gain stronger tools and resources to block and sanction foreign vessels and actors evading sanctions on Russian petroleum, reducing revenue to the Russian government and strengthening U.S. leverage.
Improves enforcement, oversight, and international coordination through mandatory reporting, monitoring of Russian escalatory actions (including undersea infrastructure risks), and staff/funding increases for sanctions offices, which should boost detection and legislative visibility of sanction exceptions.
Preserves maritime safety and environmental protection by exempting emergency, humanitarian, and crew welfare services from sanctions and allowing decommissioning/destruction of unsafe vessels, reducing risk of pollution, accidents, and harm to seafarers and coastal communities.
Sanctioning foreign ports and trade partners and stricter enforcement could raise global fuel prices and disrupt international supply chains, increasing costs for U.S. consumers and businesses.
Insurers, shipowners, ports, and related businesses face increased compliance costs and potential insurance-market disruption from new insurance/reporting requirements, which may be passed on to consumers or harm small businesses.
Expanded executive authorities (waivers, certifications, visa/inadmissibility provisions, frequent determinations) concentrate national-security decisionmaking, can limit diplomatic flexibility, and may enable some sanctioned actors to evade penalties or harm foreign cooperation and migration/business travel.
Based on analysis of 3 sections of legislative text.
Imposes sanctions and compliance rules targeting insurance, shipping, and services used to transport Russian-origin petroleum, adds waiver/exception processes, requires reporting, and authorizes staffing and funding for sanctions enforcement.
Creates a sanctions and enforcement framework targeting transportation, insurance, and related services for Russian-origin crude oil and petroleum products, including definitions for a "Russian shadow fleet," detailed insurance standards, waiver and exception rules, civil/criminal penalty authority, and a 10-year sunset. Requires presidential reporting and recurring determinations about Russian maritime escalation in the Baltic/Gulf of Finland/Straits of Denmark, directs staffing and modernization of U.S. sanctions infrastructure, and authorizes targeted funding for the Office of Sanctions Coordination and OFAC plus a large emergency appropriation to the State Department for related activities.