Redesignates existing paragraph (5) as paragraph (6) and inserts a new paragraph (5) into 15 U.S.C. 8501 to add a definition of "weather data."

Further amends section 102(b)(3) of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 by redesignating existing subparagraphs (F) and (G) as (G) and (H), respectively, and inserting a new subparagraph (F) addressing aviation weather phenomena (including atmospheric composition and turbulence).

Adds a new subparagraph to section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson‑Stevens Act requiring the report called for by subparagraph (A) to include an assessment of stock survey data availability, identification of priority stock assessments and surveys with specified purposes, and descriptions of resource needs and estimated costs for those priority assessments.

Amends section 12 (15 U.S.C. 9707) to add new definitions (atmospheric river; atmospheric river flooding event; extreme precipitation event) and to modify requirements to incorporate atmospheric rivers and extreme precipitation events into precipitation frequency estimates and related requirements.

Amends definitions in section 2 of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3101) by inserting definitions that cross-reference the new 15 U.S.C. 9707(a) definitions (atmospheric river, atmospheric river flooding event, extreme precipitation event), adding 'institution of higher education' by reference to 20 U.S.C.1001(a), adding a Native Hawaiian organization definition by reference to 20 U.S.C. 7517, and adding a Tribal organization definition by reference to 25 U.S.C. 5304.

Multiple amendments to the National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program statute (43 U.S.C. 3102): edits to program establishment language, program activities, national strategy requirements (including adding an assessment of risks from atmospheric river flooding events and extreme precipitation events for the first national strategy after enactment), expansion of the national landslide hazards database to identify areas at risk from atmospheric rivers and extreme precipitation, adjustments to preparedness and emergency response provisions to explicitly include Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, additions to debris-flow early warning system consultation and emergency-response activities, creation of regional partnerships and grant program eligibility/priority changes, funding changes, and insertion of deficit-reduction/appropriations-derived funding language.

Amends the 3D Elevation Program provisions (43 U.S.C. 3104) by inserting the 3D Hydrography Program Working Group into the 3D Elevation Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee, correcting a typographical error in grant/cooperative agreement language, and amending the funding subsection (5(e)) (text replaces prior funding language).

Amends section 9507 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (codified at 42 U.S.C.10367) to add groundwater quality assessments related to permafrost thaw and changes in precipitation rates, change certain program names/terms (e.g., national streamflow information program -> Federal priority streamgage program / Federal Priority Streamgage Network), lengthen a statutory timeframe from 10 to 11 years, add priority selection criteria for streamgage installation (drought, reservoir reliance, hydrologic storage reliance, flooding/extreme rainfall), update and authorize funding amounts ($30,000,000 for FY2026 and $30,000,000 for each of FY2026–FY2033 in specified subsections), and require that amounts made available be derived from USGS appropriations.

Amends the Act of December 24, 1942 (codified at 43 U.S.C.36b) to (1) update the Secretary identification language ('Secretary of the Interior' reference is clarified), and (2) add a new 'Next Generation Water Observing System' within the United States Geological Survey, including a purpose statement, system requirements, priority region criteria, and an authorization of appropriations of $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 (to remain available until expended).

Amends section 108(a)(5) of the NOAA Authorization Act of 1992 (15 U.S.C. 8520(a)(5)) to add an additional required element to the annual report: a description of research that has been transitioned into operations, including research at the fire weather testbed established under section 703(a) of this Act.