Congress.wikiCongress.wiki
Congress
MapWatchScheduleDaily RecordMembersCommitteesLegislationNominations
Money & Oversight
MoneyOffice SpendingSubpoenasHouse EthicsForeign InfluenceSpecial Rules
Executive & Law
AgenciesRegulationsUS Code
Search⌘K
Congress
MapWatchScheduleDaily RecordMembersCommitteesLegislationNominations
Money & Oversight
MoneyOffice SpendingSubpoenasHouse EthicsForeign InfluenceSpecial Rules
Executive & Law
AgenciesRegulationsUS Code

Ask me to translate this law into plain English

U.S. Code/Title 42/§ 1988

Title 42

42

Title overviewSearch titleAll titles
42 U.S.C. § 1988.Chapter 21

§ 1988

Proceedings in vindication of civil rights

Title 42
3 min read
Subchapter: GENERALLY

Need the full chapter outline? Open Chapter 21 to browse every section without loading the entire chapter explorer on this page.

Back to Chapter 21Previous: § 1987Next: § 1989

((a)) ** Applicability of statutory and common law** The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters conferred on the district courts by the provisions of titles 13, 24, and 70 of the Revised Statutes for the protection of all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and for their vindication, shall be exercised and enforced in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect; but in all cases where they are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the provisions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offenses against law, the common law, as modified and changed by the constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having jurisdiction of such civil or criminal cause is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall be extended to and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of the cause, and, if it is of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty.

((b)) ** Attorney’s fees** In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1981a, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of [ et seq.], the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 [ et seq.], the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 [ et seq.], title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [ et seq.], or , the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity such officer shall not be held liable for any costs, including attorney’s fees, unless such action was clearly in excess of such officer’s jurisdiction.Public Law 92–31820 U.S.C. 168142 U.S.C. 2000bb42 U.S.C. 2000cc42 U.S.C. 2000dsection 12361 of title 34

((c)) ** Expert fees** In awarding an attorney’s fee under subsection (b) in any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of section 1981 or 1981a of this title, the court, in its discretion, may include expert fees as part of the attorney’s fee.

Related Legislation

(13 bills)

Bills that would modify or reference this section of law.

HR-10335

Restoring Civil Rights Attorney’s Fees Act of 2026

Glenn Grothman

Wisconsin representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
9/10/2026
HR-6371

No Robot Bosses Act

Suzanne Bonamici

Oregon representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
12/3/2025
HR-7531

Healthy Families Act

Rosa L. Delauro

Connecticut representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
2/12/2026
HR-8965

SAFE for Survivors Act of 2026

Debbie Dingell

Michigan representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
5/21/2026
HR-9402

Stop Spying Bosses Act

Chris Deluzio

Pennsylvania representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
6/23/2026
HR-9671

Menopausal Workers’ Fairness Act of 2026

Debbie Dingell

Michigan representative

  1. house
  2. senate
  3. president
7/14/2026
S-2997

Right to Override Act

Edward John Markey

Massachusetts senator

  1. senate
  2. house
  3. president
10/9/2025
S-3865

BE HEARD in the Workplace Act

Patty Murray

Washington senator

  1. senate
  2. house
  3. president
2/12/2026
S-3869

Healthy Families Act

Bernard Sanders

Vermont senator

  1. senate
  2. house
  3. president
2/12/2026
S-4635

SAFE for Survivors Act of 2026

Patty Murray

Washington senator

  1. senate
  2. house
  3. president
5/21/2026

And 3 more bills...

§ 1987

Release: pl-119-111 (2026-09-18)

§ 1989

Get a weekly summary of what Congress did, delivered every Sunday.

  • About
  • How Congress Works
  • Quiz
  • Congress Wrapped
  • Pricing
  • Roadmap
  • Health
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
WhiteHouse.wiki•SCOTUS.wiki
Congress.wiki Alpha
Support Us

This is not an official government website.

© 2026 PLEJ LC. All rights reserved.