((a)) To carry out this part and to secure the safety of individuals and property on board vessels subject to inspection, including covered small passenger vessels (as defined in subsection (n)(5)), the Secretary shall prescribe necessary regulations to ensure the proper execution of, and to carry out, this part in the most effective manner for—

((1)) the design, construction, alteration, repair, and operation of those vessels, including superstructures, hulls, fittings, equipment, appliances, propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery, boilers, unfired pressure vessels, piping, electric installations, and accommodations for passengers and crew, sailing school instructors, and sailing school students;

((2)) lifesaving equipment and its use;

((3)) firefighting equipment, its use, and precautionary measures to guard against fire;

((4)) inspections and tests related to paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of this subsection; and

((5)) the use of vessel stores and other supplies of a dangerous nature, including rechargeable devices utilized for personal or commercial electronic equipment.

((b))

((1)) Equipment and material subject to regulation under this section may not be used on any vessel without prior approval of the Secretary.

((2)) Except with respect to use on a public vessel, the Secretary may treat an approval of equipment or materials by a foreign government as approval by the Secretary for purposes of paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines that—

((A)) the design standards and testing procedures used by that government meet the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974;

((B)) the approval of the equipment or material by the foreign government will secure the safety of individuals and property on board vessels subject to inspection; and

((C)) for lifesaving equipment, the foreign government—

((i)) has given equivalent treatment to approvals of lifesaving equipment by the Secretary; and

((ii)) otherwise ensures that lifesaving equipment approved by the Secretary may be used on vessels that are documented and subject to inspection under the laws of that country.

((c)) In prescribing regulations for sailing school vessels, the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the private sector having experience in the operation of vessels likely to be certificated as sailing school vessels. The regulations shall—

((1)) reflect the specialized nature of sailing school vessel operations, and the character, design, and construction of vessels operating as sailing school vessels; and

((2)) include requirements for notice to sailing school instructors and sailing school students about the specialized nature of sailing school vessels and applicable safety regulations.

((d)) In prescribing regulations for nautical school vessels operated by the United States Merchant Marine Academy or by a State maritime academy (as defined in ), the Secretary shall consider the function, purpose, and operation of the vessels, their routes, and the number of individuals who may be carried on the vessels.

((e)) When the Secretary finds it in the public interest, the Secretary may suspend or grant exemptions from the requirements of a regulation prescribed under this section related to lifesaving and firefighting equipment, muster lists, ground tackle and hawsers, and bilge systems.

((f)) In prescribing regulations for offshore supply vessels, the Secretary shall consider the characteristics, methods of operation, and the nature of the service of offshore supply vessels.

((g)) In prescribing regulations for fish processing or fish tender vessels, the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the private sector having experience in the operation of these vessels. The regulations shall reflect the specialized nature and economics of fish processing or fish tender vessel operations and the character, design, and construction of fish processing or fish tender vessels.

((h)) The Secretary shall establish appropriate structural fire protection, manning, operating, and equipment requirements for vessels of at least 100 gross tons but less than 300 gross tons as measured under , or an alternate tonnage measured under as prescribed by the Secretary under carrying not more than 150 passengers on domestic voyages, which meet the eligibility criteria of .

((i)) The Secretary shall establish appropriate structural fire protection, manning, operating, and equipment requirements for former public vessels of the United States of at least 100 gross tons but less that 500 gross tons as measured under , or an alternate tonnage measured under as prescribed by the Secretary under carrying not more than 150 passengers on domestic voyages, which meet the eligibility criteria of .

((j)) The Secretary may establish by regulation a safety management system appropriate for the characteristics, methods of operation, and nature of service of towing vessels.

((k))

((1)) Each vessel of the United States that is constructed under a contract entered into after the date of enactment of the Maritime Safety Act of 2010, or that is delivered after , with an aggregate capacity of 600 cubic meters or more of oil fuel, shall comply with the requirements of Regulation 12A under Annex I to the Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, entitled “Oil Fuel Tank Protection”.

((2)) The Secretary may prescribe regulations to apply the requirements described in Regulation 12A to vessels described in paragraph (1) that are not otherwise subject to that convention. Any such regulation shall be considered to be an interpretive rule for the purposes of .

((3)) In this subsection the term “oil fuel” means any oil used as fuel in connection with the propulsion and auxiliary machinery of the vessel in which such oil is carried.

((l))

((1)) The Secretary shall require that a freight vessel inspected under this chapter be outfitted with distress signaling and location technology for the higher of—

((A)) the minimum complement of officers and crew specified on the certificate of inspection for such vessel; or

((B)) the number of persons onboard the vessel; and

((2)) the requirement described in paragraph (1) shall not apply to vessels operating within the baseline from which the territorial sea of the United States is measured.

((m))

((1)) The Secretary shall promulgate regulations requiring companies to maintain records of all incremental weight changes made to freight vessels inspected under this chapter, and to track weight changes over time to facilitate rapid determination of the aggregate total.

((2)) Records maintained under paragraph (1) shall be stored, in paper or electronic form, onboard such vessels for not less than 3 years and shoreside for the life of the vessel.

((n))

((1)) ** .—** The Secretary shall prescribe additional regulations to secure the safety of individuals and property on board covered small passenger vessels.

((2)) ** .—** In order to prescribe the regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive review of all requirements (including calculations), in existence on the date of enactment of the Elijah E. Cummings Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2020, that apply to covered small passenger vessels, with respect to fire detection, protection, and suppression systems, and avenues of egress, on board such vessels.

((3))

((A)) ** .—** Subject to subparagraph (B), the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to covered small passenger vessels, regulations for—

((i)) marine firefighting training programs to improve crewmember training and proficiency, including emergency egress training for each member of the crew, to occur for all members on the crew—

((I)) at least monthly while such members are employed on board the vessel; and

((II)) each time a new crewmember joins the crew of such vessel;

((ii)) in all areas on board the vessel where passengers and crew have access, including dining areas, sleeping quarters, and lounges—

((I)) interconnected fire detection equipment, including audible and visual alarms; and

((II)) additional fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment;

((iii)) the installation and use of monitoring devices to ensure the wakefulness of the required night watch;

((iv)) increased fire detection and suppression systems (including additional fire extinguishers) on board such vessels in unmanned areas with machinery or areas with other potential heat sources;

((v)) all general areas accessible to passengers to have no less than 2 independent avenues of escape that are—

((I)) constructed and arranged to allow for free and unobstructed egress from such areas;

((II)) located so that if one avenue of escape is not available, another avenue of escape is available; and

((III)) not located directly above, or dependent on, a berth;

((vi)) the handling, storage, and operation of flammable items, such as rechargeable batteries, including lithium ion batteries utilized for commercial purposes on board such vessels;

((vii)) passenger emergency egress drills for all areas on the vessel to which passengers have access, which shall occur prior to the vessel beginning each excursion; and

((viii)) all passengers to be provided a copy of the emergency egress plan for the vessel.

((B)) ** .—** The requirements described in clauses (iii), (v), (vii), and (viii) of subparagraph (A) shall only apply to a covered small passenger vessel that has overnight passenger accommodations.

((4))

((A)) ** .—** The Secretary shall, prior to issuing final regulations under paragraph (1), implement interim requirements to enforce the requirements under paragraph (3).

((B)) ** .—** The Secretary shall implement the interim requirements under subparagraph (A) without regard to chapters 5 and 6 of title 5 and Executive Order Nos. 12866 and 13563 ( note; relating to regulatory planning and review and relating to improving regulation and regulatory review).

((5)) ** .—** In this subsection, the term “covered small passenger vessel”—

((A)) except as provided in subparagraph (B), means a small passenger vessel (as defined in section 2101) that—

((i)) has overnight passenger accommodations; or

((ii)) is operating on a coastwise or oceans route; and

((B)) does not include a ferry (as defined in section 2101) or fishing vessel (as defined in section 2101).