Creates a federal program that licenses and oversees "ownership investment companies" (OICs) which can borrow with Department support to finance employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), worker cooperatives, and other covered businesses. The Department may guarantee debt, issue trust certificates, and provide up to $5 billion in leverage per fiscal year (with limits for certain protégés), while imposing licensing, capital, conflict-of-interest, examination, reporting, and enforcement rules.

Sets minimum private capital and governance standards for licensees, requires annual public reporting to Congress on operations and losses, authorizes enforcement tools (suspensions, civil penalties, injunctions, receivership), creates a Protégé program for experienced managers to assist new OICs, and clarifies SEC exemptions and rules for securities tied to these entities. The program includes caps, oversight requirements, and penalties to limit risk to taxpayers and investors.