Combating Illicit Xylazine Act

Summary

Classifies xylazine and any product containing xylazine as a Schedule III controlled substance and adds a statutory definition of xylazine. It creates tailored rules for who counts as an "ultimate user" of xylazine, gives temporary transition relief for manufacturers and practitioners (including short delays for registration, labeling, and security upgrades), directs the Sentencing Commission to review federal drug penalties to align with the change, and requires three reports to Congress on medical/scientific evaluation and the prevalence and trafficking of illicit xylazine.

• Defines xylazine (including salts and isomers) in federal law and treats any xylazine-containing material as a Schedule III controlled substance.
• Creates a separate "ultimate user" definition for xylazine and exempts those defined ultimate users from CSA registration.
• Grants limited transition relief: 60-day delay for practitioner registration/recordkeeping and a 1-year delay for labeling/packaging/distribution requirements.
• Exempts existing xylazine manufacturers from Schedule III capital-security installation requirements and directs FDA/DEA to expedite manufacturer submissions.
• Requires the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and, if appropriate, amend federal sentencing guidelines for xylazine-related offenses.
• Mandates three reports to Congress on scientific/medical evaluation, prevalence, diversion, and trafficking of xylazine (30 days, 18 months, and 4 years).
• Amends recordkeeping/statute language in 21 U.S.C. 827(i) by adding material at multiple points, expanding statutory text (specific insertions not provided).
• Does not provide direct appropriations or explicit new federal funding; focuses on scheduling, regulatory, enforcement, and reporting changes.