Summary

Requires the Census Bureau to add a citizenship-status question to the 2030 decennial census and every decennial census after, asking each respondent to identify whether they are a U.S. citizen, a U.S. national but not citizen, an alien lawfully residing, or an alien unlawfully residing, for every household member. Directs the Commerce Secretary to publish state-level counts by those four categories within 120 days after each census is completed, and changes the basis for House apportionment so that only citizens are counted beginning with the apportionment based on the 2030 census. Includes a severability clause in case any part is held unconstitutional.

• Adds a four-category citizenship-status question to the 2030 and future decennial censuses for every household member.
• Requires state-level counts by citizenship/status to be published within 120 days after each decennial census is completed.
• Changes House apportionment rules to exclude noncitizens from the population base, effective for the 2030-based apportionment onward.
• Directs federal agencies (Census Bureau and Commerce) to implement new data collection and reporting responsibilities.
• Includes a severability clause so remaining provisions remain if any part is struck down as unconstitutional.
• May shift representation and Electoral College allocations by changing which residents are counted for apportionment.
• Does not specify additional funding for implementing the new census question and reporting requirements.
• Introduces potential privacy, response-rate, and legal challenges tied to adding a citizenship-status question.
• State and local redistricting and policy decisions could be affected by newly published citizenship-status counts.
• Operational timelines require the Census Bureau to prepare the question and produce state-level outputs on a faster post-census schedule.