AMMO Act

This proposal sets new rules for selling and buying ammunition. It aims to stop straw buying and large bulk purchases, add better recordkeeping, and require background checks for ammo sales by licensed dealers. Ammo sellers would need a federal license, and sales to the public would come with ID checks, simple paperwork, and limits on very large orders over short periods.

Key points

• Who is affected: Ammunition sellers (like gun stores) and people who buy ammunition from them.
• Bulk-buy limits: No more than 100 rounds of.50 caliber or 1,000 rounds of other calibers within 5 days to one person. Buyers must show valid ID and sign a certification that they are within these limits, and it’s illegal to lie about it.
• Background checks: Licensed sellers must run a background check before transferring ammo to a non-licensed buyer, unless the buyer shows a recent state permit that required a check. The seller must confirm the buyer’s identity and get a confirmation number from the system.
• Recordkeeping and reporting: Sellers send a copy of the buyer’s form to the Attorney General within 30 days; the Attorney General must destroy it within 60 days unless it’s needed for an active case, and the seller keeps a copy for 2 years. ATF must publish a public report within 6 months and every year after, including trends and helpful data for law enforcement .
• Signs at stores: Dealers must post a sign that explains the rules and penalties, or face a $10,000 civil fine.
• Penalties: Dealers who break the bulk-sale or paperwork rules face large fines, a 60‑day sales ban after a second offense, and license revocation after a third. Knowingly making false statements can bring fines and up to 5 years in prison.
• Other notes: The bill says it does not create a national gun or ammo registry and adds up to $150 million to improve the background check system.
• When: Takes effect 120 days after it becomes law.