Sponsors (56)
Introduced April 1, 2025 by Zach Nunn · Last progress April 1, 2025
The bill significantly tightens sanctions, enforcement, and congressional oversight to squeeze Iran's finances and reduce nuclear and proxy threats—potentially strengthening U.S. security—while reducing diplomatic flexibility and imposing substantial economic, humanitarian, and compliance costs on businesses, allies, and ordinary civilians.
Taxpayers, U.S. partners, and service members: codifies and sustains a "maximum pressure" sanctions approach that keeps sanctions in place until Iran verifiably halts nuclear, missile, and proxy activities, aiming to reduce Iran's ability to fund proxies and develop longer‑range capabilities.
U.S. financial system and law‑enforcement: expands blocking authority, broadens definitions of maritime/financial "support," and gives Treasury tools to require special measures on foreign banks, improving the government's ability to disrupt Iran‑linked financing and illicit trade.
Congress, oversight bodies, and federal employees: ramps up reporting, public lists, and congressional review (treaty submission requirements, 90/180‑day reporting, restrictions on delisting), increasing transparency and legislative oversight of Iran policy and sanctions enforcement.
Service members, civilians, and taxpayers: the law's push for "maximum pressure," rollback of Iranian influence, and endorsement of harder measures increases the risk of military escalation and deeper U.S. military involvement, raising danger and potential costs.
U.S. businesses, banks, and consumers: prolonging and expanding sanctions, narrowing waivers, and tighter secondary sanctions risk higher compliance costs, lost correspondent banking and FX access, disrupted trade, and higher prices for consumers.
Diplomats, allies, and multilateral institutions: strict bans on relief, limits on delisting and waiver authorities, and conditioning diplomacy on an extensive checklist reduce U.S. diplomatic flexibility and risk straining relationships with allies and bodies like the IMF and U.N.
Based on analysis of 22 sections of legislative text.
Imposes sweeping, long‑term sanctions and enforcement rules on Iran and Iran‑linked actors, tightens waiver authority, expands designation powers, and directs frozen funds to terrorism victims.
Establishes a permanent U.S. policy of “maximum pressure” on Iran by codifying and expanding sanctions, tightening limits on waiver and licensing authorities, broadening who may be designated and blocked for Iran‑related activity, and directing certain frozen or transferred funds to victims of state‑sponsored terrorism. It also requires new reporting and designation actions by the State and Treasury Departments, strengthens enforcement tools for U.S. financial institutions, restricts engagement with Iranian officials tied to terrorism, and preserves many existing executive orders and sanctions authorities.