The bill permanently protects Oak Flat and strengthens recognition of cultural and water-resource harms, but does so at the cost of forgoing potential local mining development and creating legal, economic, and supply‑chain risks that could affect local economies and broader markets.
Tribal communities and local residents: Oak Flat is protected from mining/leasing, preserving cultural sites and public land from development.
Rural communities and local governments: the bill highlights large projected groundwater use and subsidence risks, prompting stronger water protections and planning in Arizona.
Taxpayers and policymakers: the bill raises national-security and supply-chain concerns about foreign control of U.S. copper, which could drive policies to secure domestic critical minerals.
Rural communities and local workers: prohibiting mining/leasing on Oak Flat limits potential local economic development, jobs, and revenue tied to a mine project.
Tribal communities and local governments: the bill's findings and repeal elements highlight past dispossession and could trigger lengthy legal disputes or uncertainty over rights and restitution.
Small businesses and taxpayers: findings that emphasize foreign ownership ties and export concerns could stigmatize the project and deter private investment without offering a remediation pathway.
Based on analysis of 4 sections of legislative text.
Introduced December 3, 2025 by Adelita S. Grijalva · Last progress December 3, 2025
Withdraws about 2,422 acres of Oak Flat in the Tonto National Forest from mining and other public-land disposal, and repeals the earlier 2015 land-exchange law that would have conveyed the site to a private mining joint venture. The withdrawal takes effect on enactment, preserves any preexisting valid rights, and blocks new mining claims, mineral leasing, and public-land disposals on the withdrawn lands.