Amends paragraph (7) of 49 U.S.C. 33101 by adjusting punctuation in subparagraph (K); inserting a new subparagraph (L) to include 'the catalytic converter'; redesignating existing subparagraph (L) as (M); and updating the cross-reference in the redesignated subparagraph (M) from 'subclauses (A)–(K) of this clause' to 'subparagraphs (A) through (L) of this paragraph'.

Amends 49 U.S.C. 33111 by redesignating current subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively, and inserting a new subsection (b) ('Retention of records') that requires persons in the business of salvaging, dismantling, recycling, or repairing motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts containing precious metals to retain specified seller and part information (seller name, address, telephone, photocopy of government-issued ID; vehicle make, model, VIN or a unique part identification number tied to the VIN; date of purchase), defines 'precious metals' by reference to 41 C.F.R. 109–27.5101 (or successor) and defines 'unique part identification number' (marked/etched/engraved and tied to the vehicle identification number), and requires retention for at least two years.

Amends the chapter definitions provision by changing the introductory text punctuation, inserting paragraph headings for existing definitions, redesignating existing paragraphs (1) through (11) as (2) through (12), and inserting a new paragraph (1) that defines 'Catalytic converter' to include: (A) devices in an internal combustion engine exhaust system that oxidize hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions to CO2 and water; (B) a diesel oxidation catalyst; and (C) a diesel particulate filter.

Amends section 33106 by adjusting punctuation in subsection (c), redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4), inserting a new paragraph (3) requiring a certification that the catalytic converter will be marked in accordance with sections 33101 through 33104 (and associated regulations), and adding subsection (f) that requires the NHTSA Administrator to promulgate regulations requiring conspicuous marking of catalytic converters on a vehicle line and to allow such marking to include a unique part identification number (as defined in 33111(b)(3)) that is included in a law-enforcement-accessible database enabling retrieval of the full vehicle identification number.

Adds a new section 671 to chapter 31 of title 18 establishing the offense 'Theft of catalytic converters,' including definitions (catalytic converter; precious metals), unlawful conduct (stealing or knowingly purchasing with intent to distribute/sell/dispose in interstate or foreign commerce), penalties (fine, imprisonment up to 5 years, or both), and a rule that any term of imprisonment runs concurrently with any other term for offenses arising out of the same conduct.

Inserts a definition of 'Precious metals' into section 2311, defining the term by reference to 41 C.F.R. 109–27.5101 or any successor regulation.

Adds a new subsection (d) to section 2321 defining 'catalytic converter', prohibiting buying/receiving/possessing/obtaining control of a catalytic converter knowing it was stolen with intent to sell or dispose of it, and setting penalties (fine, imprisonment up to 5 years, or both) with concurrent sentencing.

Revises the definition of 'chop shop' in section 2322(b) to cover premises where persons receive, conceal, destroy, disassemble, dismantle, reassemble, or store unlawfully obtained motor vehicles or parts in order to alter, counterfeit, deface, destroy, disguise, falsify, forge, obliterate, extract any precious metal therefrom, remove identifying markings (including VIN or derivative), or otherwise prepare such vehicles/parts or extracted precious metal for distribution, sale, or disposal in interstate or foreign commerce.