Adds new paragraphs (2)–(4) to 5 U.S.C. 553(e) requiring agencies to respond within 60 days to petitions with more than 100,000 signatures, to establish and publish petition-processing procedures within 30 days after enactment (including public education and an accessible online docket), and to make agency actions under the procedures in paragraph (3) not subject to review under chapter 7.

Amends the first sentence of the matter preceding paragraph (1) to add language requiring courts to defer to an agency's reasonable or permissible interpretation of a statute the agency administers when the statute is silent or ambiguous and the agency followed applicable procedures; replaces the heading/text to read '(a) In general To the extent necessary; and'; and adds a new subsection (b) defining 'Unreasonable delay' with four specified circumstances of delay related to rulemaking timelines.

Adds section 707 to chapter 7 of title 5, establishing that an action under that chapter for review of an agency action must be commenced not later than 6 years after the date of the final agency action, except as otherwise expressly provided by law.

Amends section 2401(a) of title 28, United States Code, by inserting after (text not specified in provided section).

Amends the table of contents for title 5 by adding at the end an entry for chapter 7 (including the new section 707 'Statute of limitation').

Amends section 801(b) of title 5 by striking the sequence "; and" in paragraph (1) and by striking paragraph (2).

Adds a new section 505 to title 5 establishing the Office of the Public Advocate within the Office of Management and Budget and creating the National Public Advocate position with appointment by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, specified compensation linkage to the Senior Executive Service, enumerated duties including assisting public participation in rulemaking and conducting social equity assessments, and a rulemaking deadline.

Amends section 305(g) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); revising paragraph (1) by removing specified text and redesignating subparagraph (B) as paragraph (2); and in the redesignated paragraph (2) striking the second sentence.

Amends section 1601 by changing cross-references in subsection (a), striking subsections (b) and (c), and redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections (b) and (c), respectively.

Repeals section 1602 (20 U.S.C. 6572).