Creates a new Schedule I classification that automatically covers defined “fentanyl-related substances,” tightens criminal penalties and import/export law references for those compounds, and directs the Attorney General to publish and implement rules (including immediate interim rules) to put the changes into effect. It also revises research registration rules to create faster notice-based pathways and limited allowances for research manufacture and single-site registrations while adding transparency and administrative safeguards for those special procedures.